ABSTRACT
Objective@#In 2013, a cohort study aimed to clarify the positive and negative effects of introducing the human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for population-based cervical cancer screening has been launched in Japan. This study included four screenings during the subsequent 7-year follow-up period. We aim to describe the results of the first round of this study on cervical cancer screening here. @*Methods@#This study began in September 2013 with recruitment completed in March 2016.Women aged 30–49 years were divided into 2 groups: those who received uterine cervical cytology alone in the first year (control group), or those who received a combination of cytology and HPV testing (intervention group), based on their age. After first screening, women with positive result of cytology or positive HPV test required referral. We summarized the results of the first round of cervical cancer screening. @*Results@#Of the 25,074 women who were eligible for the study, 13,845 women (55.2%) were screened with cytology alone; 11,229 women (44.8%) received a combination of cytology and HPV testing. After screening, 407 women (2.9%) in the control group and 1,003 women (8.9%) in the intervention group required referral, respectively. Adding HPV testing increased referral rate significantly (p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#After first screening, introduction of HPV testing appears to contribute to significantly higher referral rates, suggesting that the number of colposcopies as a detailed examination may increase. These preliminary findings suggest that if HPV testing is introduced into screening, medical institutions need to be prepared for an increasing number of follow-up examinations.
ABSTRACT
In Chinese medicine, Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei -to (SRT; Chai-hu-jia-long-gu-mu-li-tang) and Saiko-keishi-kankyo-to (SKT; Chai-hu-gui-zhi-gan-jiang-tang) are frequently used for patients with nervous constitutions who exhibit psychoneurotic symptoms. Specifically, SRT is used for patients of the excessive constitution type (Shi Zheng), and SKT is used for patients of the deficient constitution type (Xu Zheng).<br>In this study, in order to clarify the action of SRT and SKT on the central nervous system, the effects of these formulas on the monoamines and their metabolism in discrete brain regions in mice were examined.<br>1) Single-dose administration of SRT and SKT increased the levels of neurotransmitters and stimulated the metabolism in the dopaminergic nervous system of the corpus striatum (including the serotonergic nervous system for SRT).<br>2) Repeated administration of SRT stimulated the metabolism in the dopaminergic nervous system of the hypothalamus and hippocampus, and inhibited metabolism in the adrenergic nervous system. On the other hand, SKT stimulated dopamine metabolism in the hippocampus and inhibited the metabolism of serotonin.<br>From these results, it became apparent that single-dose administration of SRT and SKT caused the hyperfunction of the dopaminergic nervous system, and that repeated administration of the agents caused the hyperfunction of the dopaminergic nervous system and the dysfunction of the serotonergic nervous system. This suggests that the actions of SRT and SKT on the central nervous systems may exert an influence on the regulation of psychoneuroic symptoms by stimulating the doperminergic nervous system and inhibiting the serotonergic nervous system.